Assessment of Urinary Osteopontin in Association with Podocyte for Early Predication of Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients

Table 1

The levels of fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, and cystatin C in all studied groups (mean ± SD).

Parameters	Patients groups
	Healthy control; 𝑛=20	Diabetic; (normoalbuminuria); 𝑛=20	Diabetic; (microalbuminuria); 𝑛=20	Nephrotic diseases; 𝑛=20
Glucose (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	90.8 ± 8	140 ± 16	149.7 ± 11	109.3 ± 8.2
𝑃1 value	—	<0.001	<0.001	N.S
𝑃2 value	—	—	<0.001	<0.05
Glycated hemoglobin (%)
Mean ± SD	4.1 ± 0.3	7.5 ± 0.5	9.7 ± 0.8	5.2 ± 0.2
𝑃1 value	—	<0.001	<0.001	N.S
𝑃2 value	—	—	<0.001	<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	0.8 ± 0.02	0.9 ± 0.06	1.9 ± 0.09	2.1 ± 0.07
𝑃1 value	—	N.S	<0.001	<0.001
𝑃2 value	—	—	<0.001	N.S
Cystatin C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	0.8 ± 0.02	0.9 ± 0.02	1.3 ± 0.03	1.4 ± 0.04
𝑃1 value	—	N.S	<0.01	<0.001
𝑃2 value	—	—	<0.001	N.S

𝑛 = number of cases. 𝑃₁ value: diabetic normoalbuminuria and nephritic syndrome versus control. 𝑃₂ value: diabetic microalbuminuria versus diabetic normoalbuminuria.