The Use of Humoral Responses as a Marker of CMV Burden in HIV Patients on ART Requires Consideration of T-Cell Recovery and Persistent B-Cell Activation

<div>Levels of inflammatory markers in HIV patients over 10 years of ART and controls. Dotted lines indicated mean levels in controls. Solid lines indicate trends over time in HIV patients (based on position of mean). Levels of T-cell activation marker sTNF-RI (a), total immunoglobulin G (b), and macrophage activation marker sCD14 (c) decrease in HIV patients with continued ART, normalising to control levels after 10 years. Levels of B-cell activation marker sBAFF (d) decrease sharply in the first year of ART but remain elevated above controls after 10 years.</div>

Disease Markers

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Figure 2

Figure 2: The Use of Humoral Responses as a Marker of CMV Burden in HIV Patients on ART Requires Consideration of T-Cell Recovery and Persistent B-Cell Activation 

Figure 2 | The Use of Humoral Responses as a Marker of CMV Burden in HIV Patients on ART Requires Consideration of T-Cell Recovery and Persistent B-Cell Activation 