The Use of Humoral Responses as a Marker of CMV Burden in HIV Patients on ART Requires Consideration of T-Cell Recovery and Persistent B-Cell Activation

Table 1

(a) Demographics of patient cohort: gender, age at commencement of ART (in years), ethnicity, CD4 T-cell counts at commencement of ART and after 1 year (cells/μL). Column 7 shows hospital records indicating detection of CMV DNA before ART (D = detected, ND = not detected, N/A = not assayed). Column 8 shows CMV serostatus using in-house ELISAs (see Section 2). (b) CMV antibody levels are higher in CMV seropositive HIV patients at 10 years after ART than controls similar in age.

(a) Characteristics of HIV patient cohort

	Sex	Age	Ethnicity	CD4 T-cells/L		CMV; DNA	CMV; IgG	Comments
				Nadir	1 year
HIV cohort
1	M	40	Caucasian	42	112	ND	Pos.	CCR5 delta 32 deletion
2	F	28	Asian	8	352	ND	Neg.
3	F	43	Aboriginal	90	378	N/A	Pos.	IRD-HSV, 1 month after ART
4	M	42	Caucasian	33	28	ND	Pos.	IRD-CMV, 7 months after ART
5	M	47	Caucasian	110	169	N/A	Pos.
6	M	43	Caucasian	4	465	ND	Neg.
7	M	56	Caucasian	9	176	D	Pos.	Oesophageal tumour before ART
8	M	45	Caucasian	70	105	ND	Pos.	Syphilis, 8 years after ART
9	M	48	Asian	18	189	ND	Pos.	IRD-uveitis, 1 month after ART
10	F	60	Caucasian	56	220	D	Pos.	HIV encephalitis, before ART
11	M	39	Caucasian	208	240	D	Pos.	CMV pneumonitis, before ART
12	M	67	Asian	14	250	ND	Pos.	Died age 76
13	F	60	Caucasian	4	108	N/A	Pos.	Died age 65, breast cancer

(b) Comparison of CMV seropositive HIV and control cohorts

	Male/female	Age; median; (range)	Ethnicity	CMV lysate antibody AU/mL median (range)	CMVgB antibody AU/mL median (range)	CMV IE-1 antibody median (range)
HIV^+CMV^+ persons at 10 years after ART
11	3/8	57 (49–77)	1 Aboriginal; 2 Asian; 10 Caucasian	(–8.3 × 10^6)	(8.3 × 10^5–2.2 × 10^6)	(1.1 × 10^4–2.3 × 10^6)
CMV^+ Controls
16	14/2	58 (50–74)	16 Caucasian	(5.9 × 10^4–4.8 × 10^6)	(1.4 × 10^4–8.8 × 10^5)	7.9 × 10^4; (2.1 × 10^4–1.8 × 10^6)