Disease Markers / 2015 / Article / Tab 6 / Review Article
Perspective Biological Markers for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Advantages of the Use of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves in Evaluating Marker Sensitivity and Specificity Table 6 Toxic biomarkers, metals and cations. AUC: Area Under the Curve; ASD: Autistic Spectrum Disorders; HC: healthy controls; and SD: standard deviation.
Lab test Increase Decrease valuesReceiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Diagnosis Age (Y): range (mean ± SD) Number M/F Control group Country Biologic sample Technique Reference Cut-off values Sensitivity Specificity AUC Urinary phthalate (µ g/mL) 5-OH-MEHP <0.05 0.177 52.1% 75.6% 0.638 Urinary phthalate (µ g/mL) 5-Oxo-MEHP <0.01 0.142 46.0 91.1 0.666 ASD (11 ± 5) 36/12 HC Italy Urine HPLC electrospray ionization MS [52 ] Urinary phthalate (µ g/mL) MEHP <0.05 0.01 79.2 44.2 0.631 Urinary phthalate (µ g/mL) ALL 0.724 39.2 97.8 0.671 Zinc/copper (μ g/dL) <0.001 0.665 90.0% 91.7% 0.968 ASD (3.78 ± 1.22) 48/12 HC China Serum [53 ] Lead (mmol/L) 0.001 High level of sensitivity and specificity Autism 4–12 25 HC Saudi Arabia RBC HCL [54 ] Amyloid beta (1–40) (pg/mL) <0.05 165.00 82.7% 75.0% 0.773 Autism 3–16 52 HC Saudi Arabia Plasma ELISA
[55 ] Amyloid beta (1–42) (pg/mL) <0.05 60.29 82.4% 80.6% 0.905 Ca2+ (mmol/L) <0.001 8.17 100.0% 100.0% 1.000 Na+ (mmol/L) <0.05 124.50 100.0% 71.4% 0.786 K+ (mmol/L) <0.001 7.00 84.0% 85.7% 0.900 ASD 4–12 25 male HC Saudi Arabia Plasma [46 ] Ca2+/Mg2+ <0.001 4.41 95.8% 100.0% 0.981 Na+/K+ <0.01 17.14 93.8% 78.6% 0.888