Serum Levels of Progranulin Are Closely Associated with Microvascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Serum PGRN levels in DN.

	NC	SDM	EDN	CDN
	12	29	24	29
Age (years)	54.58 ± 9.56	58.86 ± 12.68	61.33 ± 8.57	60.93 ± 8.89
Sex (male/female)	7/5	18/11	13/11	18/11
Duration of diabetes (years)	0	1.77 ± 1.00	6.75 ± 3.29	12.08 ± 4.64
SBP (mmHg)	112.50 ± 10.31	127.93 ± 14.24	130.79 ± 20.56	151.14 ± 18.12
DBP (mmHg)	68.33 ± 7.90	76.21 ± 6.64	73.63 ± 8.70	89.21 ± 10.81
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.97 ± 1.41	24.26 ± 2.04	24.61 ± 2.11	24.80 ± 1.58
WHR	0.84 ± 0.05	0.88 ± 0.05	0.89 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.04
HbA1c (%)	4.93 ± 0.42	10.20 ± 2.05	9.45 ± 1.72	9.47 ± 2.45
FPG (mmol/L)	4.53 ± 0.48	10.47 ± 2.58	9.72 ± 2.31	11.14 ± 3.47
Lg(FINS) (mU/L)	1.11 ± 0.12	1.27 ± 0.07	1.19 ± 0.09	1.18 ± 0.09^##
Lg(HOMA-IR)	0.42 ± 0.14	0.93 ± 0.13	0.81 ± 0.13	0.85 ± 0.16
TG (mmol/L)	1.40 ± 0.28	3.99 ± 1.54	3.69 ± 1.60	4.41 ± 1.83
TC (mmol/L)	3.81 ± 0.51	5.21 ± 1.09	5.09 ± 1.43	5.25 ± 1.03
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.12	0.96 ± 0.12	0.98 ± 0.11	0.99 ± 0.13
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.22 ± 0.25	3.57 ± 0.79	3.70 ± 1.21	3.84 ± 1.00
UAER (mg/24 h)	24.55 ± 4.86	25.82 ± 3.99	228.92 ± 55.43	490.52 ± 126.37
BUN (mmol/L)	5.17 ± 0.80	5.23 ± 1.17	6.15 ± 1.28	9.99 ± 3.19
CRE (μmol/L)	66.75 ± 5.72	71.48 ± 12.37	80.71 ± 7.35	176.48 ± 76.83
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	109.27 ± 19.46	102.85 ± 25.32	83.54 ± 15.40	41.80 ± 22.65
WBC (×10^9/L)	5.58 ± 0.99	5.82 ± 0.99	6.81 ± 1.79	6.93 ± 1.48
IL-6 (ng/L)	8.03 ± 2.17	13.73 ± 4.38	17.88 ± 4.61	22.47 ± 6.16
TNF-α (μg/L)	10.74 ± 1.15	12.57 ± 3.29	18.06 ± 4.26	20.91 ± 6.08
PGRN (μg/L)	45.21 ± 4.75	47.18 ± 4.51	53.98 ± 5.44	86.84 ± 30.31
ACEI or ARB, (%)	0 (0%)	2 (6.90%)	3 (12.50%)	16 (55.17%)
Oral antidiabetics, (%)	0 (0%)	27 (93.10%)	22 (91.67%)	18 (62.07%)
Insulin, (%)	0 (0%)	4 (13.79%)	111 (45.83%)	20 (68.97%)

NC: normal control.
SDM: simple diabetes mellitus.
EDN: early diabetic nephropathy, microalbuminuria.
CDN: clinical diabetic nephropathy, macroalbuminuria.
Compared with NC, , .
Compared with SDM, , .
Compared with EDN, , .