Serum Levels of Progranulin Are Closely Associated with Microvascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 3

Serum PGRN levels in DR.

	NC	SDM	BDR	PDR
	12	29	14	33
Age (years)	54.58 ± 9.56	58.86 ± 12.68	61.21 ± 8.44	60.85 ± 8.65
Sex (male/female)	7/5	18/11	8/6	19/14
Duration of diabetes (years)	0	1.77 ± 1.00	7.46 ± 3.91	11.09 ± 4.72
SBP (mmHg)	112.50 ± 10.31	127.93 ± 14.24	131.57 ± 20.05	149.18 ± 17.79
DBP (mmHg)	68.33 ± 7.90	76.21 ± 6.64	73.71 ± 6.88	88.33 ± 11.18
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.97 ± 1.41	24.26 ± 2.04	25.01 ± 2.21	24.77 ± 1.70
WHR	0.84 ± 0.05	0.88 ± 0.05	0.91 ± 0.06	0.89 ± 0.05
HbA1c (%)	4.93 ± 0.42	10.20 ± 2.05	10.31 ± 2.21	9.25 ± 2.21
FPG (mmol/L)	4.53 ± 0.48	10.47 ± 2.58	10.86 ± 2.96	10.47 ± 3.07
Lg(FINS) (mU/L)	1.11 ± 0.12	1.27 ± 0.07	1.17 ± 0.09^##	1.18 ± 0.09^##
Lg(HOMA-IR)	0.42 ± 0.14	0.93 ± 0.13	0.84 ± 0.14	0.83 ± 0.15
TG (mmol/L)	1.40 ± 0.28	3.99 ± 1.54	3.94 ± 0.88	4.35 ± 1.94
TC (mmol/L)	3.81 ± 0.51	5.21 ± 1.09	5.26 ± 1.31	5.16 ± 1.10
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.12	0.96 ± 0.12	0.99 ± 0.09	0.98 ± 0.13
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.22 ± 0.25	3.57 ± 0.79	3.92 ± 1.06	3.80 ± 0.96
UAER (mg/24 h)	24.55 ± 4.86	25.82 ± 3.99	233.14 ± 95.52	438.46 ± 176.82
BUN (mmol/L)	5.17 ± 0.80	5.23 ± 1.17	7.01 ± 1.84	9.09 ± 3.59
CRE (μmol/L)	66.75 ± 5.72	71.48 ± 12.37	86.45 ± 20.01	162.39 ± 80.37
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	109.27 ± 19.46	102.85 ± 25.32	80.04 ± 18.46	48.15 ± 27.40
WBC (×10^9/L)	5.58 ± 0.99	5.82 ± 0.99	6.67 ± 1.93	6.70 ± 1.44
IL-6 (ng/L)	8.03 ± 2.17	13.73 ± 4.38	17.06 ± 5.40	21.92 ± 5.64
TNF-α (μg/L)	10.74 ± 1.15	12.57 ± 3.29	17.72 ± 4.20	20.57 ± 5.45
PGRN (μg/L)	45.21 ± 4.75	47.18 ± 4.51	57.90 ± 6.17	82.30 ± 30.90
ACEI or ARB, (%)	0 (0%)	2 (6.90%)	2 (14.29%)	16 (48.48%)
Oral antidiabetics, (%)	0 (0%)	27 (93.10%)	11 (78.57%)	23 (69.70%)
Insulin, (%)	0 (0%)	4 (13.79%)	9 (64.29%)	20 (60.61%)

NC: normal control.
SDM: simple diabetes mellitus.
BDR: background diabetic retinopathy.
PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Compared with NC, , .
Compared with SDM, ^#, ^##.
Compared with BDR, ^△, ^△△.