First-Trimester Uterine Artery Doppler Analysis in the Prediction of Later Pregnancy Complications

Table 1

First-trimester biochemical biomarkers associated with preeclampsia (PE).

Marker	Mechanism of action	Levels associated with PE
PAPP-A	Insulin-like growth factor binding protein protease: impaired trophoblast invasion and fetal cell growth	↓
PlGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor trophoblastic proliferation and implantation	↓
sFlt-1	Antiangiogenic factor	↑
Inhibin-A & activin-A	Maintenance of spiral artery function	↓
sEng	Impairs binding of transforming growth-β1 to cell surface receptors, inhibiting angiogenesis	↑
PP13	Binds to protein on extracellular matrix between placenta and myometrium: placenta implantation & remodeling	↓
ADAM12	Placenta derived multidomain glycoprotein: fetal & placental growth	↓