Identification of Endogenous Controls for Analyzing Serum Exosomal miRNA in Patients with Hepatitis B or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Figure 3

The stability of the candidate genes and the optimal number of reference genes for transcript normalization in all the samples. (a) Expression stabilities of the reference genes from the least stable (left) to the most stable (right) as analyzed by geNorm. (b) After excluding U6, miR-22^*, and miR-16 due to , the pairwise variations were analyzed for all three experimental groups. miR-221, miR-103, let-7a, miR-181c, miR-181a, and miR-26a (RG-6) were recommended as the optimal combination of reference genes. (c) The expression stability values were calculated using NormFinder. A lower stability value indicates more stable expression. (d) The gene expression Acc.S.D. was analyzed using NormFinder. The lowest Acc.S.D. value indicated that the optimal number of reference genes was 6 (RG-6).

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