Liquid Biopsy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Circulating Tumor-Derived Biomarkers

Table 1

Summary of the role and findings for circulating DNA in HCC.

Type of alteration	Gene	Location	Biomarker	References
Single nucleotide mutations	TP53	17p13.1	Diagnosis	[14–16]
	CTNNB1	3p21	Predictor (exposure to different viral and environmental factors)	[17]
Copy number variation	NA	1p/1q/8p/8q	Diagnosis	[18]
	NA	7q/8q/13q/14p	Diagnosis	[19]
	NA	1q, 8q, 7q, 17q, 20q	Diagnosis	[20–22]
	NA	4q, 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p	Diagnosis	[20–22]
	CHD1L	1q21	Diagnosis	[23]
	DLC1	8p22	Diagnosis	[24]
Methylation changes	APC	5q21-q22	Diagnosis	[25, 26]
	P15/P16	9p21	Diagnosis	[25, 27]
	RASSF1A	3p21.3	Diagnosis	[28]
	TRG5	16q22.1	Diagnosis	[29]
	HOXA9	7p15.2	Diagnosis	[30]
	FHIT	3p14.2	Diagnosis	[25]
	E-caherin	16q22.1	Diagnosis	[25]
	GSTP1	11q13.2	Diagnosis	[31]
	SFRP1	8p11.21	Diagnosis	[31]

NA: not available.