Quantitative ELISA-Like Immunohistochemistry of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Diagnosis of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia and Clinical Characteristics of the Disease

Table 1

Clinical findings of the included 14 TIO cases.

Cases	Age and gender	Osteomalacia duration (year)	Osteoporotic fracture	Tumor location	Tumor size (cm)	Tumor detection technique	Octreotide scanning	Original pathological diagnosis	Revised pathological diagnosis	Followup
Case	19 M	2.5	None	Femoral head		Magnetic resonance imaging	Positive	Nonspecific spindle cell tumor	PMTMCT	Recurrence due to surgery residue and total hip arthroplasty performed at 1.5 m. No further recurrence and normal chemistry at 2.1 y
Case	43 F	4	Vertebral compression fracture (3 cm shorter in height); bilateral metacarpus and bilateral pubis fracture	Temporal bone and sphenoid bone		Octreotide scanning	Positive	PMTMCT	PMTMCT	Unresectable recurrence at 3 m. With carotid artery and cavernous sinus inflicted, no further surgery could be performed. No effect of octreotide therapy. Followup 1.5 y
Case	32 F	3.5	Multiple rib fractures	Soft tissue between the second and third metatarsal bone		Palpation	NA	Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 7.2 y
Case	32 M	10	Vertebral compression fracture (7 cm shorter in height); bilateral femoral heads necrosis; femoral neck fracture	Fifth metatarsal bone		Ultrasound	Positive	Fibroma of tendon sheath	PMTMCT	Local recurrence at 2.5 y, reoperation performed and normal chemistry at 3.5 y
Case	36 M	1.5	Multiple rib fractures	Lateral thigh		Palpation	Positive	PMT	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 1.8 y
Case	40 F	6	None	Subcutaneous tissue of the low back		Palpation	NA	Hemangioendothelioma	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 8.0 y
Case	43 F	4.5	Vertebral compression fracture (15 cm shorter in height); rib fracture	Proximal humerus		Normal radiography	Positive	Dedifferentiated liposarcoma	Malignant PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 2.1 y
Case	42 F	2	Bilateral femoral heads necrosis	Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus		Octreotide scanning	Positive	PMT	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 1.5 y
Case	55 F	1.5	None	Gastrocnemius		Palpation	Positive	PMT	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 0.7 y
Case	44 M	3	Distal fibula fracture	Heel		Palpation	Positive	Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 2.8y
Case	45 F	3.5	Vertebral compression fracture; bilateral femoral heads necrosis; bilateral femoral neck fractures; multiple rib fractures	First metacarpal bone		Palpation	Positive	Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 2.1 y
Case	45 M	2	Vertebral compression fracture (4 cm shorter in height)	Fibular head		Octreotide scanning	Positive	Angiofibroma	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 3.5 y
Case	18 F	None	None	Pubic branch and iliac bone		Computerized tomography	NA	Giant cell tumor of bone	Giant cell rich PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 2.0 y
Case	52 M	7	None	Chest wall		Octreotide scanning	Positive	PMT	PMTMCT	No recurrence and normal chemistry at 2.8 y

M: male; F: female; NA: not available; PMT: phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor; PMTMCT: phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue variant.