Combined Genetic Biomarkers Confer Susceptibility to Risk of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma in a Saudi Population

Table 1

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in UBC cases.

Parameter	UBC cases	(95% CI), value
Age at examination (range, years)	46–90
Mean age ± SD (years)	61.8 ± 10.63	38.5
Gender, males	48 (92.3)	28.9
Cigarette smoking	42 (80.8)	25.1
Alcohol consumption (yes)	—	—
Tumor grade:
Low-	17 (32.7)	9.2
High-	35 (67.3)	20.6
Pathologic stage:
	31 (59.6)	18.1
	9 (17.3)	4.1
	12 (23.1)	6.0
Metastasis (yes)	0 (0.0)
Management:
	40 (76.9)	23.8
Conservative	42 (80.8)	25.1
Radical	5 (9.6)	1.5 (3.2–21.0)
Chemoradiotherap	3 (5.8)	0.3 (1.2–16.0)
	2 (3.8)	0.4 (0.5–13.1)

Student’s t-test. Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD).
of patients, with percentages in parentheses.
highly significant difference ().
, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, a weakened bacterium intravesically introduced via a catheter.
therapy,” TURBT plus BCG.
significant difference ().