The Immunosignature of Mother/Fetus Couples in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Role of HLA-G 14 bp ins/del and PAPP-A A/C Polymorphisms in the Uterine Inflammatory Milieu

Table 2

Distribution of the HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) and PAPP-A A/C alleles and genotypes among GDM mothers and children versus controls. Absolute and percentage frequencies are reported. OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.

		GDM mothers ()		Healthy mothers ()		OR (95% CI)
		N	%	N	%
HLA-G 14 bp ins/del genotypes	del/del	7	29	40	26	1.7 (0.4–2.5)	0.98
	del/ins	13	54	75	50	1.0 (0.4–2.7)	0.50
	ins/ins	4	17	36	24	Reference
HLA-G 14 bp alleles	DEL	27	56	155	51	1.2 (0.7–2.2)	0.53
	INS	21	44	147	49	Reference
		Children born to GDM mothers ()		Children born to healthy mothers ()		OR (95% CI)
		N	%	N	%
HLA-G 14 bp ins/del genotypes	del/del	8	40	31	23	2.1 (0.6–7.6)	0.27
	del/ins	8	40	72	53	0.9 (0.3–3.2)	0.86
	ins/ins	4	20	32	24	Reference
HLA-G 14 bp alleles	DEL	24	60	134	50	1.5 (0.8–3.0)	0.22
	INS	16	40	136	50	Reference
		GDM mothers ()		Healthy mothers ()		OR (95% CI)
		N	%	N	%
PAPP-A genotypes	AA	8	33	74	49	Reference
	AC	13	54	66	44	1.8 (0.7–4.7)	0.21
	CC	3	13	11	7	2.5 (0.6–11)	0.22
PAPP-A alleles	A	29	60	214	71	Reference
	C	19	40	88	29	1.6 (0.8–3.0)	0.14
		Children born to GDM mothers ()		Children born to healthy mothers ()		OR (95% CI)
		N	%	N	%
PAPP-A genotypes	AA	10	50	66	49	Reference
	AC	7	35	58	43	0.8 (0.3–2.2)	0.66
	CC	3	15	11	9	1.8 (0.4–7.6)	0.42
PAPP-A alleles	A	27	67	190	70	Reference
	C	13	33	80	30	1.1 (0.6–2.3)	0.71