Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is a Predictor of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics and GDF-15 serum measurements.
Parameter
All patients
Sepsis
Nonsepsis
Number
219
146
73
Sex (male/female)
134/85
86/60
48/25
n.s.
Age median, (range) [years]
64 (18–90)
65 (20–90)
61 (18–85)
n.s.
Charlson comorbidity index, median (range)
2 (0–9)
2 (0–9)
2 (0–6)
n.s.
APACHE II score, median (range)
18 (2–43)
19 (4–43)
13.5 (2–33)
<0.001
SOFA score, median (range)
9 (0–19)
9.5 (2–19)
7 (0–17)
0.002
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)
143 (65.3)
97 (66.4)
46 (63)
n.s.
Ventilation time, median (range) [h]
116 (0–3628)
123.5 (0–2966)
66 (0–3628)
n.s.
Vasopressor demand, n (%)
200 (91.3)
132 (90.4)
68 (93.2)
n.s.
ICU days, median (range)
7 (1–137)
6 (1–45)
8.5 (1–137)
0.005
Death during ICU, n (%)
49 (22.4)
40 (27.4)
9 (12.3)
0.012
Overall mortality, n (%)
89 (40.6)
67 (45.9)
22 (30.1)
0.025
GDF-15 day 1, median (range) [pg/mL]
5753 (22.8–25,316)
7410 (22.8–25,316)
3490 (415.8–24,336)
<0.001
For quantitative variables, median and range (in parenthesis) are given. GDF-15: growth differentiation factor-15; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment. Significance between sepsis and nonsepsis patients was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test or chi-squared test, respectively.
