Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is a Predictor of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis

Table 2

Correlations of GDF-15 with clinical scores and other laboratory markers.

	All patients		Sepsis		Nonsepsis
	Markers of inflammation
CRP	0.268	<0.001	0.137	n.s.	0.256	0.029
Procalcitonin	0.328	0.007	0.277	0.049	0.321	n.s.
IL10	0.266	0.005	0.365	0.004	0.053	n.s.
IL6	0.293	<0.001	0.203	0.032	0.372	0.006
Markers of organ dysfunction
Creatinine	0.481	<0.001	0.301	<0.001	0.373	0.001
Cystatin	0.553	<0.001	0.490	<0.001	0.409	<0.001
GFR	−0.489	<0.001	0.490	<0.001	0.626	<0.001
AST	0.257	<0.001	0.455	<0.001	0.352	0.011
ALT	0.096	n.s.	0.256	0.003	0.370	0.002
GLDH	0.232	0.001	0.076	n.s.	0.297	0.011
Bilirubin	0.195	0.004	0.224	0.012	0.354	0.003
γGT	0.200	0.003	0.14	n.s.	0.304	0.01
PCHE	−0.149	0.037	0.12	n.s.	0.347	0.003
Prothrombin time	−0.314	<0.001	−0.121	n.s.	−0.084	n.s.
Albumin	−0.206	0.028	0.235	0.036	−0.125	n.s.
Urea	0.440	<0.001	0.387	<0.001	0.451	<0.001
Lactate	0.222	0.001	0.333	<0.001	0.111	n.s.
LDH	0.244	<0.001	0.176	0.033	.375	0.001
NT-proBNP	0.278	0.024	0.328	0.019	−0.077	n.s.
Fibrinogen	0.093	n.s.	−0.027	n.s.	0.074	n.s.
Clinical scores
APACHE II	0.349	<0.001	0.363	<0.001	0.177	n.s.
SOFA	0.326	<0.001	0.371	0.001	0.176	n.s.
SAPS2	0.394	0.001	0.554	<0.001	0.168	n.s.
New and experimental biomarkers
APRIL	0.314	<0.001	0.201	0.04	0.409	0.001
Ghrelin	−0.181	n.s.	−0.293	n.s.	−0.013	n.s.
Adiponectin	0.246	0.065	0.192	n.s.	0.279	n.s.
Resistin	0.287	0.031	0.256	n.s.	−0.063	n.s.
Leptin	−0.122	n.s.	−0.135	n.s.	−0.053	n.s.
NT-proCNP	0.431	<0.001	0.549	<0.001	−0.001	n.s.
suPAR	0.441	<0.001	0.368	<0.001	0.444	0.005

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score; APRIL: a proliferation-inducing ligand; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; γGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; GLDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; IL10: interleukin 10; IL6: interleukin 6; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proCNP: amino-terminal propeptide of C-type natriuretic peptide; PCHE: pseudocholinesterase; SAPS2: simplified acute physiology score; SOFA: sepsis-related organ failure assessment score; suPAR: soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor.