Research Article
Early Right Ventricular Apical Pacing-Induced Gene Expression Alterations Are Associated with Deterioration of Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Table 1
Summary of patient characteristics.
| | Variables | Overall | RVA | RVOT | Value |
| | Age | 67.9 ± 8.4 | 67.1 ± 7.5 | 68.7 ± 9.3 | 0.477 | | Male (%) | 33 (55.0) | 17 (56.7) | 16 (53.3) | 0.795 | | BMI | 24.1 ± 2.37 | 23.7 ± 2.5 | 24.4 ± 2.2 | 0.294 | | SBP | 139 ± 21 | 142 ± 22 | 137 ± 20 | 0.377 | | DBP | 73 ± 17 | 75 ± 18 | 71 ± 16 | 0.372 | | Hypertension (%) | 28 (46.7) | 15 (50) | 13 (43.3) | 0.605 | | Diabetes mellitus (%) | 12 (20.0) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) | 0.519 | | Coronary heart disease (%) | 13 (21.7) | 6 (20.0) | 7 (23.3) | 0.754 | | ACEI/ARB (%) | 19 (31.7) | 8 (26.7) | 11 (36.7) | 0.405 | | Beta-blockers (%) | 12 (20.0) | 7 (23.3) | 5 (16.7) | 0.519 | | Statins (%) | 17 (28.3) | 8 (26.7) | 9 (30) | 0.774 | | Prepacing QRS duration (ms) | 103 ± 13 | 102 ± 11 | 105 ± 14 | 0.375 | | Paced QRS duration (ms) | 143 ± 16 | 154 ± 12 | 132 ± 11 | <0.001 | | BNP | 242.5 (203.3–298.5) | 235.4 (198.1–289.5) | 259.3 (210.3–309.0) | 0.469 | | LAV (mL) | 33.9 ± 4.4 | 33.4 ± 3.9 | 34.3 ± 4.9 | 0.435 | | LVEDV (mL) | 100.9 ± 11.9 | 103.2 ± 11.4 | 98.6 ± 12.2 | 0.139 | | LVESV (mL) | 38.4 ± 6.1 | 37.8 ± 5.1 | 39.0 ± 7.0 | 0.452 | | LVEF (%) | 62.7 ± 5.7 | 63.0 ± 5.4 | 62.4 ± 6.1 | 0.704 | | EA ratio | 1.03 ± 0.21 | 0.99 ± 0.20 | 1.07 ± 0.22 | 0.121 | | GLS (%) | −13.0 ± 2.8 | −13.2 ± 2.4 | −12.9 ± 3.0 | 0.746 | | GRS (%) | 29.0 ± 5.7 | 29.7 ± 5.7 | 28.2 ± 5.2 | 0.311 | | GCS (%) | −20.3 ± 5.0 | −20.8 ± 4.4 | −19.8 ± 5.5 | 0.441 | | SDI | 12.2 ± 2.1 | 12.1 ± 1.9 | 12.3 ± 2.1 | 0.852 | | MWD (m) | 377.9 ± 39.0 | 381.9 ± 31.1 | 374.9 ± 44.9 | 0.562 |
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BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; VP: ventricular pacing; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; LAV: left atrial volume; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; GLS: global longitudinal strain; GRS: global radial strain; GCS: global circumferential strain; SDI: standard deviation index of three-dimensional strain; MWD: 6-min walking distance.
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