Cytokine Signature in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis

Figure 1

Cytokine plasma levels in group I () as compared to those in group II (). Plasma levels of proinflammatory (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and regulatory (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) cytokines were determined by cytometric bead array. Results are expressed in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI); data are presented in a box-plot format. The median is shown as a line across the box. Group I: HD patients without VAT. Group II: HD patients with episodes of VAT.