Cytokine Signature in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis

Figure 2

Multicytokine diagrams were used to quantify the frequency of HD patients with high levels of cytokines in the studied group. The global median value for each cytokine was used as the cut-off edge to tag each patient as they display “low levels” ( for all cytokines) and “high levels” of proinflammatory or regulatory ( for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) cytokines. Group I: HD patients without VAT. Group II: HD patients with episodes of VAT.