Cytokine Signature in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis
Table 1
Clinical characteristics and dialysis parameters of hemodialysis patients with (cases) and without (controls) previous episode of vascular access thrombosis.
Parameters
Group I ()
Group II ()
value
Age (years)
52 (39–60)
50 (41–59)
0.380
Gender
0.193
Male [n (%)]
86 (58%)
20 (43%)
Female [n (%)]
63 (42%)
26 (57%)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.6 (21.1–26.5)
22.6 (20.1–28.5)
0.112
Cause of ESRD [n (%)]
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
51 (34%)
14 (30%)
0.633
Glomerulopathies
39 (26%)
7 (15%)
0.126
Diabetic nephropathy
21 (14%)
12 (26%)
0.060
Polycystic kidney disease
7 (5%)
3 (7%)
0.624
Others or unknowns causes
31 (21%)
10 (22%)
0.892
Predialysis arterial blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
130 (120–143)
140 (130–150)
0.060
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
80 (80–90)
80 (80–90)
0.968
Type of vascular access
0.131
Arteriovenous fistula
144 (97%)
42 (91%)
Arteriovenous graft
5 (3%)
4 (9%)
Time on hemodialysis (months)
34.0 (17.0–90.3)
39.5 (19.0–92.0)
0.226
IWG (kg)
3.2 ± 1.1
2.9 ± 1.4
0.165
Medications [n (%)]
Antihypertensive drugs
ACE inhibitor
69 (46%)
69 (46%)
0.551
β-Blockers
64 (43%)
21 (46%)
0.747
Calcium channel antagonists
65 (44%)
17 (37%)
0.423
Acetylsalicylic acid
38 (26%)
8 (17%)
0.257
Statins
31 (21%)
5 (11%)
0.129
Insulin
29 (19%)
10 (22%)
0.736
Erythropoietin
129 (87%)
41 (89%)
0.651
Diabetes [n (%)]
40 (27%)
15 (33%)
0.448
The normally distributed data were expressed as mean ± SD (t-test). The non-Gaussian data were presented as median (range) (Mann–Whitney U test). Frequencies (%) were evaluated by χ2 test. Group I: patients without VAT. Group II: patients with VAT. BMI: body mass index; ESRD: end stage of renal disease; IWG: interdialytic weight gain.
