Differential Associations for Salivary Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Levels with Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Heart Rate, and Arterial Stiffness
Table 4
Salivary concentrations according to anti-hypertensive treatments.
Diuretics
Beta-blockers
Calcium blockers
ACEi or anti-AT1
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
N
177
64
190
51
207
34
151
90
Age
64 ± 10
70 ± 9
65 ± 10
69 ± 8
65 ± 10
70 ± 9
63 ± 10
70 ± 9
Women
30%
33%
30%
31%
33%
15%∗
32%
27%
Sodium (mM)
14.9 (12.1–19.3)
15.4 (12.9–19.2)
14.8 (12.0–17.7)
16.8 (13.7–22.0)
15.2 (12.3–19.45)
14.9 (11–7-17.6)
14.9 (12.0–19.8)
15.3 (12.6–17.9)
Potassium (mM)
30.3 (25.4–36.2)
34.2 (26.7–40.0)
30.1 (25.4–36.0)
34.9 (29.3–42.7)
31.3 (25.4–36.2)
31.2 (26.4–45.0)
31.02 (25.3–36.4)
31.7 (26.0–37.8)
Calcium (mM)
0.30 (0.24–0.39)
0.32 (0.25–0.43)
0.29 (0.24–0.39)
0.35 (0.27–0.43)
0.30 (0.24–0.39)
0.32 (0.26–0.49)
0.30 (0.24–0.39)
0.31 (0.25–0.42)
Phosphate (mM)
6.55 (5.22–8.92)
7.16 (5.09–9.42)
6.49 (5.09–8.82)
7.26 (5.71–9.94)
6.58 (5.13–8.77)
6.67 (5.33–11.96)∗
6.46 (5.13–9.05)
6.69 (5.25–8.80)
Data are expressed as either mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for normally and nonnormally distributed data, respectively. Statistically significant differences were determined using either a Student’s t-test (normally distributed data) or Wilcoxon signed-rank test (nonnormally distributed data) for continuous variable. A chi-square test was used for categorical data. ;; vs. no treatment.
