Prognostic Factors and Survival in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Population-Based Study

Table 5

Univariate and multivariate survival analysis in immunocompetent patients with non-DLBCL.

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)
Age (years)
<60	Reference		Reference
≥60	2.399 (2.085–2.759)	<0.001	2.389 (2.052–2.780)	<0.001
Race
White	Reference
Black	0.777 (0.608–0.993)	0.043
Other (American Indian/AK native, Asian/Pacific Islander)	1.016 (0.793–1.300)	0.902
Gender
Female	Reference	0.946
Male	1.005 (0.880–1.147)
Dates of diagnosis
1973–1984	Reference
1985–1995	1.165 (0.876–1.549)	0.294
1996–2006	0.761 (0.577–1.002)	0.052
2007–2014	0.847 (0.633–1.135)	0.266
Primary Site
Brain	Reference		Reference
Meninges/cranial nerves	0.358 (0.245–0.524)	<0.001	0.349 (0.238–0.511)	<0.001
Spine	0.443 (0.355--0.553)	<0.001	0.452 (0.362–0.565)	<0.001
Other	0.555 (0.463–0.666)	<0.001	0.515 (0.428–0.618)	<0.001
Laterality
Not a paired site	Reference
Paired site (left/right—origin of primary)	0.962 (0.804–1.150)	0.670
Lymphoma Ann Arbor stage
I–II	Reference
III–IV	0.980 (0.835–1.152)	0.810
Unknown	1.008 (0.832–1.220)	0.936
Radiation
No	Reference
Yes	0.894 (0.780–1.023)	0.104
Unknown	1.978 (1.198–3.267)	0.008
Chemotherapy
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.684 (0.599–0.781)	<0.001	0.724 (0.633–0.828)	<0.001
Insurance status
Uninsured	Reference
Insured/any Medicaid	1.457 (0.685–3.096)	0.328
Insurance status unknown	1.522 (0.722–3.208)	0.270
Marital status
Never married	Reference		Reference
Married	1.153 (0.961–1.383)	0.126	0.821 (0.677–0.994)	0.043
Ever married (divorced, separated, and widowed)	1.689 (1.363–2.094)	<0.001	1.048 (0.833–1.319)	0.689
Unknown	1.206 (0.805–1.805	0.364	0.809 (0.538–1.217)	0.309

OS: overall survival; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; DLBCL: diffuse large B cell lymphoma; PCNSL: primary central nervous system lymphoma.