Immune Exclusion Is Frequent in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

Figure 1

Representative pictures of CD3 staining (brown color) in (a, b) two cases of small-cell and (c, d) two cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Panels (a, c) show examples of the immune-desert phenotype and (b, d) examples of the immune-excluded phenotype. Arrowheads indicate the invasive margin. Asterisks label the center of the tumor, shown also in the insets at 400x magnification.

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