[Retracted] The Crucial Role of CXCL8 and Its Receptors in Colorectal Liver Metastasis

Figure 1

CXCL8 and its receptors (CXCL8-R) are involved in almost the entire process of colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. First, CXCL8 and CXCL8-R promote CRC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis and induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells, which contributes to the adhesion and intravasation of CRC cells to the blood. When tumor cells intrude into the blood, they are called CTCs, and most are killed by immune effector cells. However, a small number of them can evade immune surveillance and survive in the blood, which cannot be separated from the role of CXCL8 in inducing the anoikis resistance of CTCs, immune resistance, and autophagy. As a result of blood flow and the chemotaxis of the CXCL8 axis, CTCs may travel long distances, especially to the liver. After extravasation from the blood, the CRC cells induce the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and then colonize to form metastatic lesions. Targeting the CXCL8/CXCL8-R signaling axes may be a potential new therapeutic strategy to control cancer progression of and overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer.