A Prediction Rule for Overall Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients with a Pathological Tumor Size Less Than 30 mm

Table 2

Univariable analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Variable	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	Hazard ratio	95% CI		Hazard ratio	95% CI
Sex			<0.001
Female	Reference
Male	2.833	1.865 to 4.304
Age (y), median (IQR)			0.004
<60	Reference
≥60	1.849	1.221 to 2.799
Smoking status			<0.001
Never smoker	Reference
Current/former smoker	2.394	1.612 to 3.556
Preoperational CEA level (ng/mL)			<0.001
<5.0	Reference
≥5.0	2.801	1.807 to 4.342
Type of surgery			0.850
Lobectomy	Reference
Limited resection	1.058	0.588 to 1.906
Histology			<0.001
AIS & MIA	Reference
IAC	21.102	6.614 to 67.326	<0.001
SCC	40.946	12.621 to 132.841	<0.001
Pathological tumor size (mm)			<0.001			0.011
≤10 mm	Reference			Reference
10-20 mm	10.548	3.278 to 33.947	<0.001	6.280	0.783 to 50.367	0.084
>20-30 mm	25.350	7.904 to 81.311	<0.001	13.831	1.711 to 111.823	0.014
Lymph node metastasis			<0.001			0.037
N0	Reference			Reference
N1	4.689	2.522 to 8.718	<0.001	2.606	0.964 to 7.049	0.059
N2	6.849	4.270 to 10.985	<0.001	2.970	1.170 to 7.539	0.022
Pathological TNM stage			<0.001
0	Reference
IA1	7.007	0.726 to 67.588	0.092
IA2	30.748	4.192 to 225.536	0.001
IA3	53.342	7.260 to 391.918	<0.001
IIB	99.073	12.857 to 763.431	<0.001
IIIA	142.128	19.164 to 1054.090	<0.001
P53 expression			<0.001
Negative	Reference
Positive	5.217	2.577 to 10.564
Ki-67 expression			<0.001			0.025
<10%	Reference			Reference
≥10%	8.412	3.632 to 19.486		2.954	1.146 to 7.614
EGFR mutation			0.083
Wild type	Reference
Mutation	2.336	0.895 to 6.098

IQR: interquartile range; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IAC: invasive adenocarcinoma; SCC: squamous cell lung cancer; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor. .