Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia is caused by an infection from the virus SARS-CoV-2. Its clinical manifestations encompass a wide range of entities, from a mild flu-like illness to life-threatening forms. While the flu-like clinical picture is the most common presentation, the evolution to respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia is the cause of in-hospital admission and may rapidly evolve to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Unfortunately, knowledge about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host targets remains largely limited, hampering our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. To date, few biomarkers have been identified that, unfortunately, are individually poorly specific, therefore novel ones are needed to better predict patient outcome. Moreover, additional translational research efforts are needed to rapidly find new biological and molecular targets.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research articles and review articles that highlight new biomarkers and therapeutic targets of pneumonia caused by COVID-19.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Current and novel biomarkers of COVID-19 clinical evolution
• Current and novel biomarkers of inflammation related to COVID-19
• Current and promising molecular and biological targets of COVID-19, particularly related to act on inflammation and lung injury
• Current and novel biomarkers of organ damage related to morbidity or mortality due to COVID-19