| Gene | Function | Involved in other autoimmune diseases | Reference |
| (1) Autoantigen | | | | TYR | Production of melanin granules in melanosomes | | | (2) Innate immunity | | | | NALP1 | Inflammasome activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 | T1D, AD, CeD | [13–20] | PTEN22 | A lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family controlling the signal from antigen receptors, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors | GD, AA, RA, SLE, T1D, AD | [21–30] | (3) Adaptive immunity | | | | MHC | Major histocompatibility complex class I and II proteins being indispensable for antigen presentation | AT, AA, RA, SLE, T1D, PS | [31–43] | FOXP3 | A functional marker for naturally occurring, thymus-selected CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells | AT, T1D | [44–54] | IL2RA(CD25) | T-cell proliferation and a functional marker for naturally occurring, thymus-selected CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells | GD, AA, RA, SLE, T1D, PS, PS, | [35, 51, 55–65] | CCR6 | The CCR6/CCL20 chemokine receptor/ligand axis providing key homing signals recruiting both proinflammatory and suppressive T cell subsets | GD, RA | [55, 66–69] | TSLP | Induction of allogeneic naive T cells to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells, and induction of the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+CD8-CD25-thymocytes into CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell | | [70–72] | (4) Innate and adaptive immunity | | | | GZMB | (1) A family of conserved serine proteases stored within the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes | | [73, 74] | (2) The formation of blebs containing various subcellular compartments on the surface of apoptotic cells | (3) Supply of these peptides for autoimmune response | XBP1 | Protective roles against oxidative stress, and unfolded protein response of a stress response to increased levels of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum | | [75–80] | (5) Other function and miscellaneous | | | | LPP | Involvement of cell-cell adhesion and cell motility | RA, T1D, CeD | [81–84] | UBASH3A | Involvement of growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis in T cells | RA, T1D, CeD | [85–89] | C1QTNF6 | Unknown | RA, T1D, CeD | [90, 91] | FOXP1 | A role in cardiac, lung, and lymphocyte development, and tumor-suppressive function | | |
|
|
AA: alopecia areata, AD: Addison’s disease, AT: autoimmune thyroiditis, CeD: celiac disease, GD: Graves’ disease, IL: interleukin, PS: psoriasis, PA: psoriatic arthritis, RA: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus, and T1D: type 1 diabetes.
|