Biomarkers as Key Contributors in Treating Malignant Melanoma Metastases
Table 4
Recent report vaccine approaches to advanced malignant melanoma.
Phase trial
Purpose and brief comments
Reference
II
Treatment of 54 patients with a patient-specific tumor cell vaccines consisting of autologous dendritic cells, incubated with IL-4 and suspended in GM-CSF, which had phagocytized irradiated tumor cells from an autologous tumor cell line. Treatment was well-tolerated and the projected 5-year survival rate is an impressive 54% at a median followup of 4.5 years for the 30 surviving patients.
Immunization of unresectable stage III or stage IV M1a melanoma patients with recombinant MAGE-A3 protein combined with adjuvant systems AS15 or AS02B. The combination of MAGE-A3 and AS15 yielded higher specific Ab titers, more robust T-cell induction and long-lasting clinical responses or SD in metastatic melanoma.
To identify markers predictive of the clinical activity of the MAGE-A3 antigen-specific cancer immunotherapeutic (ASCI) from gene expression profiling by microarrays. A gene-signature derived from pretreatment tumor biopsies has been developed and shown to predict clinical benefit.
Routinely intratumoral injections of OncoVEXGM-CSF, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector encoding granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). It was observed an improvement rate and durability of response when compared to other treatment options available to patients with advanced melanoma.
Learn more about the safety and risks of using OncoVEXGM-CSF. Results of a phase II trial of OncoVEXGM-CSF were encouraging and led to the design of this Phase III trial.
NCT00769704*
III
Comparative study between metastatic melanoma patients treated with gp100: 209–217(210M) peptide followed by high-dose IL-2 and high-dose IL-2 alone. The peptide vaccine plus HD IL-2 promoted significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) without a clear impact on survival.
