Biomarkers as Key Contributors in Treating Malignant Melanoma Metastases

Table 5

Principal and secundary melanoma molecular subtypes [73].

Detailed subtypes	Pathway(s)	Key gene/biomarker(s)	Potentially relevant therapeutics
1.1	MAPK	BRAF	BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors
1.2	MAPK	BRAF/PTEN	(BRAF inhibitors) AND (PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors)
1.3	MAPK	BRAF/AKT	(BRAF inhibitors) AND (AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors)
1.4		BRAF/CDK4	BRAF inhibitors AND CDK inhibitors
2.1	c-KIT	c-KIT	Gleevec & other c-KIT inhibitors
3.1	GNAQ GNA11	GNAQ	MEK inhibitors
3.2	GNAQ GNA11	GNA11	MEK inhibitors
4.1	NRAS	NRAS	MAPK & PI3K inhibitors, Farnesyl transferase inhibitors
5.1	MITF	MITF	HDAC inhibitors
6.1	AKT/PI3K	PTEN	PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors
6.2	AKT/PI3K	AKT	AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors
6.3	AKT/PI3K	PI3K	PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors
7.1	CDK	ARF/INK4	CDK inhibitors
7.2	CDK	CDK4	CDK inhibitors
7.3	CDK	CCND1/Cyclin D1	CDK inhibitors
8.1	PR3/BCL	BCL-2	TBD
8.2	PR3/BCL	P53	TBD
9	Placeholder for any new subtype of patients that is not currently defined