Author Year
Intervention Comparison Treatment protocol Results LoE [16 ] Nakamura et al. [17 ] 2012 15 Clobetasol propionate at concentrations 0.05%, 1%, and 8% Placebo (coat nail lacquer) Twice weekly, for 4 mos 51% improvement in treatment group (8% clobetasol more efficient) N/A Fischer-Levanchini et al. [18 ] 2012 6 0.1% tazarotene ointment — Once daily, under occlusion, for 6 mos 88% improvement in NAPSI scores at 6th mo N/A De Simone et al. [19 ] 2012 21 0.1% tazarotene ointment No treatment to the other hand Once daily, to the affected nails of a randomly selected hand, for 3 mos Statistically significant improvements in the treated hands at week 12 N/A Tzung et al. [20 ] 2008 40 0.005% calcipotriol + 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate 0.005% calcipotriol Calcipotriol twice daily and calcipotriol + betamethasone once daily for 3 mos Similar efficacy in both groups, significant reduction of NAPSI scores B Sánchez-Regaña et al. [21 ] 2008 15 8% clobetasol in nail lacquer and tacalcitol — Clobetasol once daily at weekends and tacalcitol at weekdays under occlusion, for 6 mos 78% reduction in NAPSI at 6 mos N/A Rigopoulos et al. [22 ] 2007 46 0.1% tazarotene cream 0.05% clobetasol propionate Once daily under occlusion, for 3 mos Similar efficacy in both groups, significant reduction of NAPSI scores A2 Regaña et al. [23 ] 2005 10 8% clobetasol in nail lacquer — Once daily, for 3 weeks and twice weekly, for 9 mos Reduction of all nail alterations within 1 mo N/A Cannavò et al. [24 ] 2003 16 70% CsA oral solution in maize oil Maize oil For 3 mos Complete resolution or substantial improvement in CsA group A2 Bianchi et al. [25 ] 2003 25 0.1% tazarotene gel — Once daily, for 3 mos 19/25 good clinical response N/A Rigopoulos et al. [26 ] 2002 62 Calcipotriol cream + clobetasol propionate — Calcipotriol once daily every weeknight and clobetasol once daily every weekend, for the first 6 mos and twice weekly clobetasol for the 2nd 6 mos Reduction at subungual hyperkeratosis: 72.3% at 6 mos and 81.2% at 12 mos N/A Scher et al. [27 ] 2001 31 0.1% tazarotene gel Vehicle gel Once daily, for 6 mos Significant improvement of onycholysis and pitting in tazarotene group A2/B de Jong et al. [28 ] 1999 57 1% 5-FU in permeation enhancer lotion (Belanyx) Belanyx (urea and propylene glycol) Once daily, for 3 mos Significant improvements with both preparations A2 Baran and Tosti [29 ] 1999 18 8% clobetasol nail lacquer Placebo Once daily in the first week, from 2nd week onwards 2-3 times weekly, for up to 9 mos Clear improvement in 80%, complete resolution in 22% of patients in the treatment arm B Tosti et al. [30 ] 1998 58 Calcipotriol ointment Betamethasone propionate + salicylic acid Twice daily, for up to 5 months Calcipotriol as effective as the combination of topical steroid and salicylic acid (49% versus 51% reduction of subungual hyperkeratosis in fingernails at 6 mos) B Yamamoto et al. [31 ] 1998 20 0.4–2% anthralin in petrolatum — Once daily, for 5 mos Effective in 12/20 patients, particularly in onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis N/A Fredriksson [32 ] 1974 20 1% 5-FU solution — Twice daily, for up to 6 mos Considerable improvement in 17/20 patients, 75% reduction of symptoms compared to baseline N/A