The Effects of Temperament and Character on Symptoms of Depression in a Chinese Nonclinical Population

Table 1

Correlations, means, SDs, and internal consistency of the SDS and TCI scores.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
(1) Positive symptoms	—
(2) Negative symptoms	−0.48***	—
(3) Somatic symptoms	−0.43***	0.63***	—
(4) NS	0.09	−0.13**	−0.06	—
(5) HA	0.19***	−0.39***	−0.35***	0.08	—
(6) RD	−0.15**	0.04	0.00	0.07	−0.00	—
(7) P	−0.13**	0.20***	0.12	−0.23***	−0.43***	0.03	—
(8) SD	−0.30***	0.41***	0.36***	−0.32***	−0.51***	−0.02	0.20***	—
(9) C	−0.24***	0.26***	0.14**	−0.42***	−0.26***	0.23***	0.24***	0.42***	—
(10) ST	0.08	−0.07	−0.12*	0.11*	−0.02	0.08	0.30***	−0.23***	−0.03	—
(11) Age	0.20***	0.12**	−0.04	−0.25***	−0.08	−0.05	0.19***	0.16***	0.16**	0.16***	—
(12) Gender (men, 1; women, 2)	−0.06	0.05	−0.09*	−0.02	0.15**	0.15**	−0.11*	−0.01	0.10*	−0.01	−0.09*	—
Number of items	7	4	2	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	1	1
𝑀	13.0	12.5	6.0	54.2	55.4	60.7	69.4	63.9	65.3	56.9	41.7	1.5
SD	3.9	2.4	1.2	8.0	9.4	6.8	10.4	9.1	8.3	11.4	11.9	0.5
Alpha	0.80	0.65	0.44	0.58	0.74	0.41	0.81	0.71	0.65	0.82	—	—

Note. NA: negative affectivity; NS: novelty seeking; HA: harm avoidance; RD: reward dependence; P: persistence; SD: self-directedness; C: cooperativeness; ST: self-transcendence.
* 𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01.