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| Bipolar I () | Bipolar II () | Major depressive disorder () | Unaffected relatives () | -statistic | value | Post hoc analysis (Tukey) |
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| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | | | |
|
Novelty-seeking | 18.78 | 6.66 | 20.30 | 6.09 | 17.98 | 8.47 | 17.37 | 5.73 | 2.28 | .085 | |
Harm-avoidance | 18.78 | 8.57 | 17.12 | 8.52 | 15.98 | 6.84 | 11.91 | 6.38 | 11.79 | <.001 | BP 1, BP 2, MDD > unaffected |
Reward-dependence | 23.37 | 6.40 | 22.61 | 5.49 | 23.30 | 7.13 | 22.43 | 5.74 | 0.42 | .742 | |
Persistence | 22.75 | 10.50 | 26.58 | 11.04 | 24.37 | 13.34 | 26.06 | 8.65 | 1.84 | .146 | |
Self-directedness | 31.13 | 8.51 | 30.52 | 10.91 | 35.08 | 10.82 | 37.34 | 6.11 | 10.26 | <.001 | MDD, unaffected > BP 1, BP 2 |
Cooperativeness | 33.88 | 6.89 | 34.33 | 6.36 | 35.87 | 4.22 | 35.57 | 5.92 | 1.94 | .131 | |
Self-transcendence | 22.43 | 12.30 | 18.79 | 9.45 | 17.54 | 11.15 | 15.39 | 10.99 | 4.04 | .01 | BP 1 > MDD, unaffected |
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Subscales | | | | | | | | | | | |
HA1 (anticipatory worry versus uninhibited optimism) | 5.00 | 2.90 | 5.18 | 3.08 | 4.23 | 2.38 | 3.03 | 2.30 | 8.87 | <.001 | BP 1, BP 2, MDD > unaffected |
HA1 (fear of uncertainty versus confidence) | 4.73 | 1.64 | 3.82 | 1.98 | 4.26 | 1.82 | 3.55 | 1.79 | 6.25 | .001 | BP 1, MDD > unaffected |
HA3 (shyness with strangers versus gregariousness) | 4.13 | 2.75 | 3.97 | 2.86 | 3.97 | 2.61 | 3.14 | 2.25 | 2.43 | .071 | |
HA4 (fatigability and asthenia versus vigour) | 4.92 | 3.02 | 4.15 | 2.94 | 3.53 | 2.32 | 2.18 | 1.94 | 17.94 | <.001 | BP 1, BP 2, MDD > unaffected BP 1 > MDD |
SD1 (responsibility versus blaming) | 5.92 | 2.16 | 5.55 | 2.66 | 6.65 | 1.66 | 6.93 | 1.54 | 4.99 | .003 | unaffected > BP 1, BP 2; MDD > BP 1 |
SD2 (purposefulness versus lack-of-goal direction) | 5.25 | 2.11 | 5.15 | 2.09 | 6.05 | 1.81 | 6.30 | 1.59 | 5.45 | .002 | Unaffected > BP 1, BP 2; MDD > BP 1 |
SD3 (resourcefulness) | 3.10 | 1.70 | 3.45 | 1.54 | 3.86 | 1.22 | 4.43 | 0.94 | 14.05 | <.001 | Unaffected > BP 1, BP 2, MDD; MDD > BP 1 |
SD4 (self-acceptance versus self-striving) | 7.97 | 2.65 | 7.48 | 3.28 | 8.62 | 2.47 | 9.06 | 2.13 | 3.78 | .014 | Unaffected > BP 1, BP 2 |
SD5 (congruent second nature) | 8.90 | 2.92 | 8.88 | 3.30 | 9.91 | 1.93 | 10.63 | 1.76 | 7.59 | <.001 | Unaffected > BP 1, BP 2 |
ST1 (self-forgetfulness versus self-conscious experience) | 4.05 | 2.46 | 3.88 | 2.62 | 2.96 | 2.38 | 2.11 | 1.72 | 10.63 | <.001 | BP 1 > MDD, unaffected; BP 2 > unaffected |
ST2 (transpersonal identification versus self-isolation) | 2.38 | 2.11 | 1.79 | 2.09 | 1.73 | 1.81 | 1.54 | 1.59 | 1.82 | .15 | |
ST3 (spiritual acceptance versus rational materialism) | 5.87 | 3.57 | 5.06 | 2.83 | 4.49 | 3.30 | 4.28 | 2.82 | 3.31 | .024 | BP 1 > MDD, unaffected |
ST4 (enlightened versus Objective) | 4.95 | 4.07 | 4.06 | 3.47 | 4.23 | 4.37 | 3.56 | 4.15 | 1.29 | .285 | |
ST5 (idealistic versus practical) | 5.18 | 2.45 | 4.00 | 2.44 | 4.12 | 2.62 | 3.90 | 2.81 | 2.84 | .043 | BP 1 > MDD, unaffected |
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Beck depression inventory | 10.90 | 9.83 | 9.79 | 9.48 | 6.91 | 8.64 | 2.99 | 3.68 | 13.82 | <.001 | BP 1 > MDD, unaffected; BP 2, MDD > unaffected |
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