Altered Neurochemical Ingredient of Hippocampus in Patients with Bipolar Depression

Table 1

Clinical and demographic information for healthy subjects and patients with bipolar depression.

	Patients (𝑛=16)	Controls (𝑛=16)	Effect of diagnosis
Age	28.1±3.4	30.6±4.2
Gender (F/M)	4/12	6/10
Graduated from high school	12	14
Handedness (right)	16	16
Number of subjects who had family history	2	—
YMRS score	6.13±1.93	—
HDRS score	22.06±4.36	5.88±2.06
NAA
Right	593.63±412.09	838.56±176.19
Left	633.69±386.88	899.19±125.39
CHO
Right	793.31±430.69	898.88±139.14
Left	806.37±361.29	944.37±144.94
CRE
Right	420.63±253.52	669.32±89.81
Left	486.19±281.01	684.50±132.28
NAA/CRE	1.32±0.25	1.29±0.15	0.073
Right	1.38±0.25	1.26±0.25	2.490
Left	1.30±0.42	1.34±0.18	2.326
NAA/CHO	0.74±0.21	0.95±0.14 *	5.251
Right	0.78±0.36	0.94±0.17 *	5.105
Left	0.76±0.27	0.97±0.15	4.724
CHO/CRE	1.87±0.54	1.37±0.19 **	7.921
Right	1.99±0.63	1.36±0.25 *	4.763
Left	1.85±0.84	1.41±0.26 ***	3.732

Statistically significant comparisons were indicated with an asterisk.
ICV: Intracranial volume; Y-BOCS: Yale Brown obsession compulsion scale: NAA, N-acetyl aspartate; CHO: choline; CRE: creatine.
* 𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃=0.064.