Trends of Postpartum Depression in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Feature of studies among women with postpartum depression at different regions.

Study number/author(s)	Place	No. of population	Assessment times	Instrument Assessment	Cut point	Prevalence of PPD (%)
(1) Kheirabadi et al. [12, 16]	Isfahan	6627	2−12 weeks	EPDS	13	30
(2) Khorramirad et al. [38]	Qom	300	6−12 weeks	EPDS	13	23.7
(3) Hosseini Sazi et al. [34]	Gorgan	180	2−14 weeks	BDI	16	23.3
(4) Zangeneh et al. [51]	Kermanshah	531	2−6 weeks	EPDS	13	40.7
(5) Azimi Lolati et al. [24]	Sari	442	6−8 weeks	EPDS	13	22
(6) Sehhatie Shafaei et al. [49]	Tabriz	600	10−20 weeks	EPDS	12	34.7
(7) Shobeiri et al. [50]	Hamadan	400	2−8 weeks	BDI	16	32
(8) Khodadadi et al. [36]	Rasht	350	6−8 weeks	EPDS	13	16
(9) Hosseini et al. [33]	Kermanshah	330	4−14 weeks	BDI	16	24.8
(10) Ghaffari et al. [31]	Ramsar	100	6−16 weeks	GHQ 28	22	36.6
(11) Foruzandeh and Dashtebozorgi [30]	Shahrekord	300	6−10 weeks	BDI	16	21.3
(12) Bahrami et al. [26]	Dezful	140	6−10 weeks	EPDS	13	31.4
(13) Dolatian et al. [28]	Tehran	285	2−6 weeks	EPDS	12	20.3
(14) Ajh et al. [22]	Astaneh	440	2−4 weeks	BDI	16	18.6
(15) Khooshemehry et al. [37]	Tehran	250	6−52 weeks	BDI	16	30
(16) Tabrizi et al. [52]	Hamadan	144	2−12 weeks	BDI	16	16.8
(17) Barekatain et al. [27]	Isfahan	1898	6−8 weeks	EPDS	13	24.4
(18) Rahmani et al. [45]	Tabriz	560	8−52 weeks	EPDS	12	32
(19) Jafarpour et al. [35]	Kermanshah	975	13−26 weeks	EPDS	12	17.5
(20) Mousavi et al. [42]	Kashan	204	9−13 weeks	BDI	13	34.7
(21) Bagherzadeh et al. [25]	Bushehr	400	2−12 weeks	EPDS	15	15.5
(22) Kiani et al. [39]	Astara	105	2−4 weeks	EPDS	12	25
(23) Kamranpour and Shakiba [20]	Rasht	310	2−8 weeks	EPDS	12	6.4
(24) Dolatian et al. [28, 29]	Marivan	204	2−6 weeks	EPDS	10	34.2
(25) Salary et al. [47]	Mashhad	60	2−4 weeks	EPDS	10	9.9
(26) Lashkaripour et al. [40]	Zahedan	300	4−18 weeks	BDI	15	33.7
(27) Nikpour et al. [43]	Amol	420	2−8 weeks	EPDS	12	10.3
(28) Asadi Sadeghi Azar et al. [13]	Zabol	408	2−8 weeks	BDI	16	40.4
(29) Aghapoor and Mohammadi [21]	Tabriz	300	6−12 weeks	BDI	16	28
(30) Ghaffari Nejad et al. [32]	Kerman	400	2−8 weeks	BDI	16	31.1
(31) Akbari et al. [53]	Hamadan	159	4−8 weeks	EPDS	13	26.4
(32) Salehi [48]	Hormozgan	164	2−8 weeks	EPDS	13	14.9
(33) Sadr et al. [46]	Tehran	300	2−8 weeks	EPDS	13	23.7
(34) Taavoni et al. [14]	Tehran	597	4−12 weeks	EPDS	13	22.6
(35) Alipour et al. [15]	Qom	160	4−12 weeks	EPDS	13	25
(36) Montazeri et al. [5]	Isfahan	100	12−14 weeks	EPDS	13	22
(37) Kheirabadi et al. [12, 16]	Isfahan	1291	6−8 weeks	EPDS	13	26.3
(38) Iranfar et al. [17]	Kermanshah	163	2−8 weeks	BDI	10	48.7
(39) Abbaszadeh et al. [18]	Kerman	400	8−28 weeks	EPDS	13	45.8
(40) Tashakori et al. [19]	Ahvaz	210	8−28 weeks	EPDS	12	21.4
(41) Akbarzadeh et al. [23]	Shiraz	400	2−8 weeks	BDI	16	21.1