Migraine and Despair: Factors Associated with Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Canadian Migraineurs in a Population-Based Study

Table 2

Gender-specific crude and adjusted odds of depression among those with migraines.

	Women (𝑛 = 4812^†)				Men (𝑛 = 1765^†)
	Crude		Adjusted		Crude		Adjusted
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age
<30	4.49	(2.28, 8.84)	7.73	(3.83, 15.62)	3.25	(0.95, 11.06)	6.00	(1.67, 21.65)
30–49	4.00	(2.05, 7.82)	7.48	(3.73, 15.00)	3.41	(1.01, 11.55)	6.42	(1.85, 22.33)
50–64	3.63	(1.83, 7.22)	5.51	(2.72, 11.17)	4.40	(1.28, 15.10)	6.21	(1.76, 21.86)
65+	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Race
White	0.92	(0.71, 1.19)	1.04	(0.79, 1.36)	0.73	(0.47, 1.13)	0.87	(0.53, 1.40)
Visible minority	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Household income
Missing	0.89	(0.67, 1.17)	0.83	(0.62, 1.12)	1.72	(1.07, 2.76)	1.64	(0.99, 2.74)
0–29,999	1.82	(1.49, 2.23)	1.43	(1.14, 1.80)	3.76	(2.62, 5.39)	2.69	(1.80, 4.02)
30,000 or more	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Education
≤High school degree	1.12	(0.94, 1.33)	1.04	(0.86, 1.26)	1.13	(0.82, 1.55)	0.87	(0.61, 1.25)
Postsecondary degree	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Marital status
Not married	1.87	(1.57, 2.22)	1.71	(1.40, 2.08)	1.68	(1.22, 2.31)	1.53	(1.03, 2.27)
Married	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Difficulty with activities
Sometimes	1.96	(1.56, 2.45)	1.96	(1.55, 2.48)	4.61	(3.15, 6.74)	3.96	(2.64, 5.93)
Often	3.07	(2.46, 3.82)	3.03	(2.38, 3.86)	3.53	(2.36, 5.28)	3.20	(2.05, 4.99)
Never	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
ADL
No	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Yes	3.47	(2.30, 5.22)	2.20	(1.40, 3.45)	6.87	(3.54, 13.35)	3.01	(1.43, 6.33)

†Sample size of the adjusted analysis.
ADL = Activities of daily living.