Mental Health Outcomes in US Children and Adolescents Born Prematurely or with Low Birthweight
Table 7
Sex differentials in adjusted odds of selected mental health outcomes among US children and adolescents according to premature birth and low birthweight status: the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health ( = 84,685).
Mental health outcome
Adjusted odds for prematurity
Adjusted odds for LBW versus normal birthweight
Adjusted odds for VLBW versus normal birthweight
Adjusted odds for MLBW versus normal birthweight
AORa
95% CI
AORa
95% CI
AORa
95% CI
AORa
95% CI
Males
Behavioral/emotional problem
1.48
1.20–1.82
1.04
0.81–1.33
1.29
0.72–2.31
0.98
0.75–1.29
Serious emotional health problem
1.50
1.18–1.91
0.96
0.71–1.31
1.38
0.63–3.01
0.87
0.65–1.18
Depression
1.35
0.95–1.90
0.92
0.62–1.38
0.95
0.39–2.33
0.92
0.60–1.42
Anxiety
1.59
1.24–2.02
1.02
0.76–1.37
1.06
0.57–1.99
1.02
0.74–1.40
Conduct problem
1.49
1.14–1.95
1.03
0.74–1.43
1.21
0.56–2.62
0.99
0.69–1.41
Autism spectrum disorder
2.18
1.54–3.08
1.49
0.96–2.31
3.41
1.35–8.61
1.09
0.75–1.60
ADD/ADHD
1.51
1.27–1.81
1.21
0.97–1.50
1.48
0.83–2.61
1.15
0.92–1.45
Developmental delay
2.65
2.10–3.33
2.29
1.77–2.95
4.44
2.75–7.17
1.85
1.38–2.46
Learning disability
1.94
1.62–2.33
1.73
1.41–2.14
2.30
1.42–3.73
1.61
1.29–2.03
Intellectual disability
2.58
1.73–3.85
2.10
1.24–3.54
4.77
1.66–13.71
1.53
1.01–2.31
Females
Behavioral/emotional problem
1.47
1.14–1.91
1.53
1.14–2.05
1.36
0.80–2.31
1.56
1.12–2.17
Serious emotional health problem
1.79
1.28–2.49
1.47
1.02–2.10
1.62
0.85–3.09
1.44
0.97–2.15
Depression
1.29
0.83–2.00
1.32
0.77–2.25
1.04
0.46–2.34
1.38
0.76–2.52
Anxiety
1.58
1.18–2.12
1.64
1.14–2.35
1.99
1.10–3.59
1.57
1.04–2.37
Conduct problem
1.51
1.05–2.16
1.78
1.23–2.59
1.39
0.72–2.67
1.87
1.25–2.81
Autism spectrum disorder
2.54
1.54–4.21
2.97
1.73–5.10
2.18
0.99–4.78
3.11
1.73–5.59
ADD/ADHD
1.43
1.11–1.84
1.26
0.97–1.64
2.04
1.27–3.26
1.12
0.82–1.51
Developmental delay
3.50
2.64–4.64
3.25
2.40–4.41
7.41
4.83–11.38
2.51
1.74–3.62
Learning disability
2.45
1.94–3.11
2.25
1.75–2.89
3.56
2.19–5.80
1.98
1.50–2.62
Intellectual disability
3.00
1.87–4.82
3.53
2.17–5.73
3.82
1.88–7.75
3.47
2.00–6.00
Adjusted by logistic regression for child's age, race/ethnicity, household composition, metro/nonmetro residence, household poverty, and education levels. LBW: low birthweight. VLBW: very low birthweight. MLBW: moderately low birthweight.