Leukocyte Gene Expression in Patients with Medication Refractory Depression before and after Treatment with ECT or Isoflurane Anesthesia: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Pretreatment gene expression in controls (CON), ECT, and ISO Groups.

Gene	CON (𝑛=17)	ECT (𝑛=14)	ISO (𝑛=8)	CON versus DD (ECT + ISO); P value	CON versus ECT; P value	CON versus ISO; P value	ECT versus ISO; P value
ADRA2A*	5.26𝐸−03	2.12𝐸−03	1.91𝐸−03	0.0013	0.001	0.0285	0.541
	±1.25𝐸−04	±5.27𝐸−04	±4.81𝐸−04
ASIC1	7.98𝐸−04	1.02𝐸−03	1.01𝐸−03	0.367	0.303	0.137	0.518
	±1.08𝐸−04	±2.03𝐸−04	±1.52𝐸−04
ASIC3	8.32𝐸−03	6.01𝐸−03	5.54𝐸−03	0.003	0.0055	0.0065	0.684
	±7.39𝐸−04	±4.63𝐸−04	±3.52𝐸−04
DBI	3.96𝐸−03	5.59𝐸−03	5.60𝐸−03	0.0004	0.001	0.003	0.979
	±2.99𝐸−04	±3.84𝐸−04	±5.85𝐸−04
DRD4	1.84𝐸−03	2.26𝐸−03	2.29𝐸−03	0.927	0.466	0.476	0.992
	±2.54𝐸−04	±5.22𝐸−04	±5.92𝐸−04
IL10	5.70𝐸−03	1.22𝐸−02	1.25𝐸−02	0.022	0.024	0.035	0.910
	±7.78𝐸−04	±4.36𝐸−03	±3.92𝐸−03
NR3C1	7.90𝐸−01	7.05𝐸−01	7.15𝐸−01	0.465	0.285	0.255	0.860
	±7.40𝐸−02	±5.39𝐸−02	±1.10𝐸−01
SULT1A1	1.44𝐸−03	1.56𝐸−03	1.26𝐸−03	0.778	0.196	0.254	0.195
	±1.20𝐸−04	±1.44𝐸−04	±1.20𝐸−04
VEGFA	7.53𝐸−02	8.44𝐸−02	7.02𝐸−02	0.971	0.301	0.193	0.217
	±5.49𝐸−03	±9.71𝐸−03	±1.31𝐸−03

Data shown as means ± SE and depict raw data; ANOVA statistics and contrasts used log-transformed data.
Age and male covariates were not significant and not included.
*Includes age as covariate.
Expressed in scientific notation units where 𝐸+01 = ×10, 𝐸+00 = ×1, 𝐸−01 = ×0.1, 𝐸−02 = ×0.01, and so forth.