Leukocyte Gene Expression in Patients with Medication Refractory Depression before and after Treatment with ECT or Isoflurane Anesthesia: A Pilot Study

Table 3

Gene expression for all 9 target genes at pretreatment versus posttreatment: means and ANCOVA outcomes for effects of treatment group (ECT versus ISO), sample time (pre- versus posttreatment) and group × time interactions.

Gene	ECT pre	ECT post	ISO pre	ISO post	Group; P value	Time; P value	Group × time; P value
ADRA2A	2.26𝐸−03	3.21𝐸−03	1.90𝐸−03	2.46𝐸−03	0.731	0.430	0.137
	±6.26𝐸−04	±8.12𝐸−04	±5.70𝐸−04	±1.29𝐸−03
ASIC1	9.46𝐸−04	1.24𝐸−03	1.01𝐸−03	1.12𝐸−03	0.995	0.390	0.162
	±2.17𝐸−04	±3.04𝐸−04	±1.52𝐸−04	±1.99𝐸−04
ASIC3	6.25𝐸−03	6.60𝐸−03	5.54𝐸−03	6.40𝐸−03	0.925	0.187	0.412
	±5.16𝐸−04	±5.87𝐸−04	±3.52𝐸−04	±9.60𝐸−04
DBI	5.49𝐸−03	5.39𝐸−03	5.67𝐸−03	5.62𝐸−03	0.904	0.492	0.436
	±4.60𝐸−04	±2.31𝐸−04	±6.70𝐸−04	±7.11𝐸−04
DRD4	2.23𝐸−03	1.68𝐸−03	2.29𝐸−03	1.69𝐸−03	0.874	0.035	0.341
	±5.63𝐸−04	±4.61𝐸−04	±5.92𝐸−04	±4.56𝐸−04
IL10	1.31𝐸−02	8.08𝐸−03	1.38𝐸−02	1.31𝐸−02	0.687	0.025	0.133
	±5.69𝐸−03	±2.73𝐸−03	±4.26𝐸−03	±4.16𝐸−03
NR3C1	6.83𝐸−01	4.90𝐸−01	7.44𝐸−01	5.63𝐸−01	0.953	0.00015	0.389
	±7.44𝐸−02	±4.48𝐸−02	±1.22𝐸−01	±8.88𝐸−02
SULT1A1	1.64𝐸−03	1.43𝐸−03	1.29𝐸−03	1.14𝐸−03	0.177	0.041	0.343
	±1.76𝐸−04	±1.61𝐸−04	±1.36𝐸−04	±6.24𝐸−05
VEGFA	9.03𝐸−02	8.15𝐸−02	7.02𝐸−02	8.81𝐸−02	0.977	0.295	0.067
	±1.04𝐸−02	±1.30𝐸−02	±1.31𝐸−02	±8.65𝐸−03

Data shown as means ± SE and depict raw data; ANCOVA used log-transformed data.
Expressed in scientific notation units, where 𝐸+01 = ×10, 𝐸+00 = ×1, 𝐸−01 = ×0.1, 𝐸−02 = ×0.01, and so forth.