Sex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-Analytic Review

Table 1

Studies included in the meta-analysis.

Sample and Study	Instrument	Informant	Age	Twins		Effect size
Cardiff Study (CaStANET) [9]	MFQ	Mother	8–17	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	262; 323; 178; 231; 420	.71; .79; .64; .69; .59
	MFQ	Child	11–17	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	153; 209; 111; 156; 251	.54; .61; .32; .45; .23
Registry for Child Twins [10]	CDI	Child	12–16	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	50; 64; 44; 44; 42	.63; .61; .22; .54; .10
Finn Twin [16]	MPNI	Mother	12	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	213; 245; 242; 223; 443	.60; .60; .40; .38; .44
	CDI	Child	12	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	89; 108; 84; 73; 145	.42; .54; .25; .24; .16
Add Health [12]	CES-D	Child	11–19	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	141; 141; 131; 114; 197	.35; .54; .35; .21; .16
G1219 [17]	MFQ	Child	12–19	MZ_M; MZ_F; DZ_M; DZ_F; DZ_OS	168; 199; 138; 190; 463	.52; .57; .33; .49; .34

MRQ: Mood and Feelings Questionnaire.
MPNI: Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory; CDI: Children Depression Inventory.