Symptom Endorsement and Sociodemographic Correlates of Postnatal Distress in Three Low Income Countries

Table 2

Sample demographics by country.

	Ethiopia	India	Vietnam	value
	()	()	()
Household wealth index (mean, SD)	0.21 (.17)	0.41 (.20)	0.44 (2.23)	<0.001
Maternal age in years (mean, SD)	27.4 (6.3)	23.7 (4.3)	27.2 (5.8)	<0.001
Years lived in community (mean, SD)	15.5 (10.6)	9.1 (7.7)	17.4 (11.2)	<0.001
Age of child in months (mean, SD)	11.6 (3.6)	11.7 (3.5)	11.6 (3.2)	0.122
Number of children (mean, SD)	3.6 (2.4)	2.0 (1.2)	1.9 (1.2)	<0.001
Index child is female (%)	47.01	45.92	48.41	0.310
Marital status (%)				<0.001
Married	86.62	99.42	97.68
Divorced	7.92	0.32	1.08
Single	3.52	0.11	1.02
Widowed	1.94	0.16	0.22
Urban setting (%)	33.95	25.5	19.95	<0.001
Education level (%)				<0.001
Completed primary	21.14	40.40	72.83
Did not complete primary	73.19	59.49	27.17
Livelihood activities in past year (%)				<0.001
None	42.81	50.37	6.74
One	43.70	30.65	22.16
Two or more	13.48	18.98	71.11
Unwanted pregnancy (%)	37.15	8.01	17.20	<0.001
Experienced economic shock (%)	70.41	43.80	42.37	<0.001
Child life-threatening incident (%)	30.43	22.59	12.88	<0.001
Child long-term health problem (%)	10.02	4.40	4.26	<0.001
Death of a child (%)	26.50	11.13	5.82	<0.001
Group membership (%)				<0.001
Low (0)	23.03	70.78	73.26
Medium (1-2)	55.93	28.58	24.69
High (3 or more)	12.01	0.32	2.05
Cognitive social capital (%)				<0.001
Low/medium	11.23	5.14	9.38
High	87.46	92.52	90.40
% meeting distress criteria (i.e., ≥8 symptoms)	33.0	30.1	21.2	<0.001

Comparisons using chi-square for categorical variables, ANOVA for continuous variables.