| | Ethiopia | Andhra Pradesh | Vietnam | | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Maternal age (years) | 1.01 | [0.99, 1.03] | 1.03 | [1.00, 1.06] | 1.00 | [0.97, 1.03] | Child age (months) | 1.00 | [0.97, 1.04] | 1.01 | [0.98, 1.04] | 1.01 | [0.98, 1.05] | Female (versus male) child | 0.94 | [0.77, 1.15] | 0.83 | [0.70, 1.00] | 0.96 | [0.82, 1.13] | Household wealth index | 0.47 | [0.10, 2.11] | 0.15 | [0.07, 0.34] | 0.12 | [0.06, 0.23] | Urban (versus rural) setting | 1.73 | [1.00, 2.98] | 1.56 | [0.50, 4.89] | 2.82 | [1.71, 4.64] | No partner (versus having partner) | 1.32 | [0.99, 1.74] | 2.29 | [0.90, 5.79] | 3.52 | [1.98, 6.24] | Low (versus more than primary) education | 1.15 | [0.79, 1.69] | 1.23 | [1.00, 1.51] | 1.04 | [0.82, 1.33] | Unwanted (versus wanted) pregnancy | 1.92 | [1.62, 2.27] | 1.07 | [0.61, 1.88] | 0.81 | [0.55, 1.20] | Having > 3 (versus 1–3) children | 1.40 | [1.08, 1.81] | 1.06 | [0.60, 1.89] | 1.18 | [0.82, 1.69] | Experiencing an economic shock (versus not) | 1.96 | [1.43, 2.69] | 1.29 | [0.97, 1.73] | 2.34 | [1.73, 3.16] | Child life-threatening incident (versus not) | 1.86 | [1.51, 2.28] | 1.43 | [1.16, 1.77] | 1.60 | [1.17, 2.19] | Child long-term health problem (versus not) | 1.46 | [0.99, 2.16] | 2.15 | [1.50, 3.09] | 3.72 | [2.31, 6.01] | Death of a child (versus not) | 1.12 | [0.87, 1.43] | 1.11 | [0.82, 1.51] | 1.73 | [1.16, 2.57] | Maternal livelihood activities (ref: none) | | | | | | | One | 1.02 | [0.77, 1.35] | 1.11 | [0.83, 1.50] | 0.65 | [0.48, 0.86] | Two or more | 1.37 | [0.94, 1.98] | 1.17 | [0.80, 1.70] | 0.58 | [0.42, 0.79] | Maternal group membership (ref: low) | | | | | | | Med | 0.94 | [0.70, 1.24] | 1.16 | [0.95, 1.42] | 1.32 | [1.00, 1.74] | High | 1.72 | [1.11, 2.68] | 0.61 | [0.11, 3.40] | 1.18 | [0.59, 2.38] | High (versus low/medium) CSC | 0.57 | [0.37, 0.89] | 0.67 | [0.42, 1.07] | 0.48 | [0.36, 0.64] |
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