Prevalence and Severity of Depression and Its Association with Substance Use in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

Table 3

Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association of different variables with depression episode in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia ().

Variables	Categories	Total respondents; (%)	Depression episodes; (%)	AOR (95% CI)	values
Age	18–24	183 (31.0)	131 (31.0)	1.00
	25–34	188 (31.9)	188 (31.9)	0.89 (0.46–1.73)	0.732
	35–44	102 (17.3)	102 (17.3)	1.55 (0.70–3.41)	0.281
	45–54	62 (10.5)	62 (10.5)	3.04 (1.24–7.41)	0.015
	55+	55 (9.3)	55 (9.3)	5.94 (2.26–15.58)	0.000
Sex	Male	290 (49.2)	290 (49.2)	1.00
	Female	300 (50.9)	300 (50.8)	2.43 (1.43–4.13)	0.001
Marital status	Single	242 (41.0)	242 (41.0)	1.00
	Married	312 (52.9)	312 (52.9)	0.75 (0.42–1.35)	0.335
	Divorced	16 (2.7)	16 (2.7)	1.49 (0.41–5.48)	0.547
	Widowed	20 (3.4)	20 (3.4)	5.18 (1.18–22.77)	0.029
Education	Illiterate	45 (7.6)	45 (7.6)	9.06 (2.96–27.75)	0.000
	Primary	140 (23.7)	140 (23.7)	4.13 (1.70–10.08)	0.002
	Secondary	207 (35.1)	207 (35.1)	3.14 (1.38–7.12)	0.006
	Certificate	38 (6.4)	38 (6.4)	4.36 (1.41–13.43)	0.010
	Diploma	84 (14.2)	84 (14.2)	1.00 (0.37–2.74)	1.000
	Degree+	76 (12.9)	76 (12.9)	1.00
Current khat chewing	Yes	200 (33.9)	104 (52%)	10.07 (5.57–18.25)	0.000
	No	390 (66.1)	67 (17.2%)	1.00
Current cigarette smoking	Yes	60 (10.2)	38 (63.3%)	3.15 (1.51–6.58)	0.002
	No	530 (89.8)	133 (25.1%)	1.00
Current alcohol intake	Yes	203 (34.4)	75 (36.9%)	1.05 (0.63–1.76)	0.856
	No	387 (65.6)	96 (24.8%)	1.00
Current shisha use	Yes	22 (3.7)	15 (68.2%)	3.04 (1.01–9.19)	0.049
	No	568 (96.3)	156 (27.5%)	1.00

1.00 = reference categories. All variables were adjusted to differentiate between predictors and confounders.