|
| Study | Subject | Intervention | Control | Closure | Outcome measures | Conclusion |
|
| Ramamoorthy et al. [11] | 30 rats | PPI prior to gastrotomy | Gastrotomy | Direct sutured | Serial WBC and CRP, day 14 necropsy and culture of peritoneum | Higher rate of peritoneal contamination and abscess formation with PPI |
| Buck et al. [16] | 37 pigs | NOTES with mesh placement following gastric irrigation with saline and antibiotics | NOTES without mesh or endoscopy with PPI followed by laparoscopic mesh (both control groups with antibiotics and saline irrigation) | Jumbo clips | Day 14 necropsy, gastric aspirate cultures | 36% NOTES mesh infection, significantly higher than laparoscopic mesh infection rate. No infection in NOTES-only control. |
| Giday et al. [14] | 16 pigs | Systemic antibiotics and povidone-iodine gastric irrigation, NOTES liver biopsy or ovarian biopsy | NOTES biopsies without antibiotics or irrigation using disinfected but nonsterile equipment | T-bar devices | Day 7 necropsy and cultures | 100% gross infection rate in control group, 0% in study group |
| McGee et al. [15] | 19 pigs | High volume (6 L) saline or antibiotic gastric irrigation followed by NOTES peritoneoscopy and sterile foreign body placement | NOTES peritoneoscopy with 50 mL saline irrigation, sterile foreign body placement | PEG | Day 14 necropsy, gastric aspirate cultures | No differences in rate of abscess, positive culture or foreign body infection rate |
| Eickhoff et al. [13] | 16 pigs | PPI, oral and IV antibiotics, chlorhexidine and antibiotic irrigation, NOTES gallbladder exploration and tubal ligation | Saline irrigation only, NOTES as in trial group | Plicator device | Day 14 necropsy and cultures, serial WBC and CRP | 1/8 study group and 6/8 control positive cultures, significantly higher CFU load in control group |
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