Review Article
Disinfection of the Access Orifice in NOTES: Evaluation of the Evidence Base
Table 2
Best available evidence for preparation of orifice for transvaginal, transcolonic, and transvesical access.
| Study | Access | Subject | Procedure | Closure | Infection prophylaxis | Outcome |
| Lehmann et al. [27] | Hybrid transvaginal NOTES/transabdominal laparoscopic | 572 humans | Cholecystectomy (488), Appendix (42), other (42) | Direct sutured | Not known | 3.3% complication rate for cholecystectomy, 0% for appendix. Conversion rate 4.9% overall. 1 pelvic abscess. 1 wound infection | Niu et al. [28] | Hybrid transvaginal NOTES/transabdominal laparoscopic | 43 humans | Cholecystectomy (488), Appendix (42), other (42) | Direct sutured | Systemic antibiotics, local disinfection not known | No complications reported | Bachman et al. [21] | Transcolonic | 16 pigs | Peritoneoscopy | Tissue Approximation System (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.) | Comparison of antibiotic/antiseptic irrigation and quaternary ammonium solution | Effective disinfection, no infection on necropsy, no difference between treatment arms | Ryou et al. [22] | Transcolonic | 8 pigs | Peritoneoscopy | Prototype device | Irrigation with tapwater antibiotics and antiseptic | No evidence of infection on necropsy | Lima et al. [32] | Transvesical | 8 pigs | Peritoneoscopy | None | None noted | No evidence of infection on necropsy | McGee et al. [34] | Hybrid transvesical NOTES/transabdominal laparoscopic | 1 human | NOTES peritoneoscopy, robotic prostatectomy | Direct sutured | None noted | No complications reported |
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