Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Follow-Up Results of EUS-Guided Transmural Drainage for Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Table 4

Management of failed cases in initial drainage.

Initial drainage	Failed cases	Additional therapy
External drainage (𝑛=36)	3	Multiple stents	1
		Repuncture*→operation	1
		Operation	1
Internal drainage (𝑛=19)	4	Add external drainage	4
External and internal drainage (𝑛=3)	1	Multiple stents	1
Puncture and aspiration only (𝑛=9)	3	ESWL	1
		EPS	1
		Operation**	1

ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. EPS: endoscopic pancreatic stent. *CT guided—cyst drainage. **Operation for an adverse event caused by EUS-CD procedure.