Examining Brain-Cognition Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Brain Activation in the Left Temporal and Left Prefrontal Cortex in an Object Working Memory Task

Figure 3

SSVEP topography 1.6 sec into the hold condition. The first row illustrates the SSVEP amplitude difference (left column) and latency difference (right column) for the post-placebo condition with respect to the mean of the post-placebo control task. The second row illustrates the same SSVEP differences for the post-GBE condition while the third row illustrates the differences between the post-GBE and post-Placebo conditions. The third row more clearly illustrates the effects of the GBE on SSVEP topography, in particular an increase in SSVEP latency at left temporal, left frontal, and left prefrontal sites. The single bottom map illustrates the distribution of the square root of the Hotelling’s 𝑇² parameter with the contours outlining the regions where the 𝑇 parameter exceeds 2.87, 3.19, and 3.92 corresponding to single comparison P values of 1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%, respectively.