Preventive Effect of Pine Bark Extract (Flavangenol) on Metabolic Disease in Western Diet-Loaded Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes Mice
Table 3
The effects of Flavangenol on biochemical parameters of plasma.
TSNO-MF
TSOD
MF
WTD
WTD-flavangenol 3%
WTD-flavangenol 5%
Non-fasted glucose (mg/dL)
169.1 ± 20.7
172.0 ± 22.3
330.0 ± 126.7**
178.4 ± 32.8##
168.2 ± 17.0##
Fast glucose (mg/dL)
120.0 ± 23.8*
168.2 ± 35.6
228.4 ± 42.6**
172.8 ± 42.7#
163.2 ± 44.0##
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
113.9 ± 12.4**
170.1 ± 27.7
260.1 ± 27.0**
255.9 ± 31.8
247.0 ± 21.6
Triacylglycerol (mg/dL)
118.9 ± 32.0**
198.3 ± 38.2
239.4 ± 52.2
231.7 ± 50.6
261.7 ± 59.4
Free fat acid (mEq/l)
1.17 ± 0.14**
1.46 ± 0.27
1.69 ± 0.27
1.68 ± 0.35
1.70 ± 0.16
Insulin (ng/mL)
2.8 ± 1.3
15.4 ± 14.3
143.0 ± 81.4**
36.2 ± 62.9##
10.3 ± 13.6##
Adiponectin (g/mL)
5.20 ± 0.71**
2.71 ± 0.51
1.75 ± 0.29**
2.23 ± 0.36##
2.41 ± 0.34##
TNF-α (pg/mL)
4.7 ± 0.3**
11.1 ± 3.1
10.4 ± 3.9
10.0 ± 2.1
7.2 ± 1.3##
Data represent the mean ± SD of 8-9 animals. *P < .05 and **P < .01 Significant differences from the TSOD-MF group. #P<.05 and ##P < .01 Significant differences from the TSOD-WTD group.
