Gastroprotective Effect of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale) Extract: Role of Gallic Acid and Cinnamic Acid in H⁺, K⁺-ATPase/H. pylori Inhibition and Anti-Oxidative Mechanism

Figure 1

Macroscopic observation of Ulcers in ulcer induced/protected stomachs in swim stress-/ethanol stress-induced ulcer models. Ulcer was induced in animals by either swim stress (SS) or ethanol stress (ES) in group of pre-treated/untreated animals at indicated concentrations. In healthy control (a) no ulcer lesions or damage in the stomach tissue was observed. In ethanol stress (b) and swim stress (c) induced animals, ulcers score were very high. Lansoprazole (d, g) and GRAE at 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ treated animals showed dose-dependent reduction in stomach lesions (e, f, h, i). (j) Maximum ulcer index observed during stress induction was controlled in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction in ulcer index and percent protection is depicted.

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