Difficulties and Perspectives of Immunomodulatory Therapy with Mistletoe Lectins and Standardized Mistletoe Extracts in Evidence-Based Medicine

Figure 2

Balance of innate immune system (schematic and simple represented by arrows with directed lines) and presumable effect of ML given with ME (represented by arrow with broken lines). The signal “+" means a stimulatory effect and “−" indicates an inhibitory effect. As shown, ML stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-12-producing macrophages and dendritic cells [11, 12, 23]. This figure represents a modified version of an illustration published by Murray [24]. ADCC: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.