Review Article
Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Assessing the Effectiveness of Ivy Leaf (Hedera Helix) for Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Table 2
Quality assessment of included studies.
| Reference | EPHPP Section ratings (strong/moderate/weak) | Global rating | Jadad score(0–5) | Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection | Withdrawals |
| Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) |
| Kemmerich et al. 2006 | moderate | strong | strong | strong | weak | strong | strong | 5 | Unkauf and Friedrich 2000 | weak | strong | moderate | weak | weak | strong | weak | 2 |
| Controlled trials (CCTs) |
| Bolbot et al. 2004 | moderate | moderate | weak | weak | moderate | strong | weak | n.a. |
| Observational studies (OSs) |
| Büechi and Kähler 2003 | weak | moderate | weak | weak | weak | weak | weak | | Büechi et al. 2005 | weak | moderate | weak | weak | weak | strong | weak | | Fazio et al. 2009 | moderate | moderate | weak | weak | weak | strong | weak | | Hecker 1999 | weak | moderate | weak | weak | weak | weak | weak | n.a. | Leskow 1985 | weak | moderate | moderate | weak | weak | weak | weak | | Marzian 2007 | moderate | moderate | weak | weak | weak | weak | weak | | Santoro Júnior 2005 | moderate | moderate | moderate | weak | weak | strong | weak | |
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n.a. = not applicable.
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