Schwann Cell Migration Induced by Earthworm Extract via Activation of PAs and MMP2/9 Mediated through ERK1/2 and p38

Figure 6

Schematic model of earthworm extract migrative effects on RSC96 Schwann cells. Stimulation of Schwann cells with earthworm activates ERK1/2 and p38 signaling, leading to upregulating uPA and tPA, and contributing to activating MMP9 and MMP2, enhancing the Schwann RSC96 cell migration. NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; JAK1/STAT1, janus kinase1/signal transducers and activators of transcription1; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; EGF, epidermal growth factor. Dotted lines indicate the hypothetical molecular mechanism of the bioactive compound present in earthworm powder.