Research Article

The Antiinfective Effects of Velvet Antler of Formosan Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) on Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Mice

Figure 3

Inhibition of cytokine (A) TNF-alpha; (B) IL-6; (C) IL-12 p40 secretion in peritoneal cells. Cells were stimulated with LTA (10 μg mL-1) under the treatment of water-boiled (VAWB) extract and cold water-soaked (VACWS) extract within the range of 25 μg mL-1 to 150 μg mL-1. Values are mean ± S.E.M. Asterisk denotes values that are significantly different from positive control group (LTA group). (a–c) Means within the same column without the same superscripts differ significantly ( , ).
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